Michael Jordan vs Wikipedia Essay Example for Free

Michael Jordan versus Wikipedia Essay Michael Jordan VS Wikipedia Over the previous twelve years there has been an extraordinary debate on whether the site Wikipedia is dependable enough to get sources that are sufficiently exact to accept. Many appear to be brisk to judge whether if Wikipedia is a dependable source and refers to the vital going to make it a solid source to get data from. In the article â€Å"Wikipedia†(2013), obscure writers advise the overall population about the Wikipedia site. The creators give proof on who refreshes their data, site their sources and incorporate references. The motivation behind Wikipedia is to convince clients to utilize the site. Wikipedia focuses on the overall population to utilize their site for a non-benefit association. Wikipedia is a dependable source since it refers to its sources and gives educated realities. On the site Wikipedia, under the source passage â€Å"Wikipedia† really expounds on all the traits and data about Wikipedia and how it came to fruition and why it is a dependable site to get data from. Wikipedia has become the biggest and most famous general reference take a shot at the Internet. Wikipedia is a solid source in view of its vandalism program in which it can recognize and evacuate vandalism inside a couple of moments. Additionally with Wikipedia being a free online reference book it takes into consideration open structure, which allows people in general to public and change anything about any point. On the Wikipedia site under the theme â€Å"Wikipedia†, found that â€Å"a non-logical report in the diary Nature in 2005 recommended that for some logical articles Wikipedia approached the degree of precision of Encyclopedia Britannica†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (preface). All things considered, it legitimizes that Wikipedia’s unwavering quality is similarly as successful as that of a beneficial reference book that is composed by specialists. Many feel as though Wikipedia isn’t a solid enough sources since it contains articles composed dependent on writers understandings of examination that other have done. Schools some of the time don't permit their understudy to discover examination or realities on Wikipedia in light of the fact that they re-think Wikipedia’s noteworthiness all in all. A few inquiries that may become possibly the most important factor is, the reason wouldn’t you refer to the first source, and what significance does somebody elseâ interpretation have? Despite the fact that anybody can alter Wikipedia, it is still looked into and their vandalism program and bots that scan for blunders expel erroneous data rapidly. Generally, you have incredibly little odds of finding problematic and mistaken data on Wikiped ia. Wikipedia additionally gives blue content demonstrates connections to other Wikipedia passages or to hotspots for the section to enable the peruser to go more into profundity about their point. Reference books are mostly composed for individuals who don't have the foggiest idea about a lot about a particular subject and might want to discover more. With Wikipedia being that online non gainful reference book it permits individuals to look through any subject and passes on enough data to a peruser who knows close to nothing or nothing about the subject. For instance on the Wikipedia site I looked for dependable data about â€Å"Michael Jordan†. In the article â€Å"Michael Jordan†(2013), from Wikipedia illuminates the overall population about the inheritance of Michael Jordan. The creators give educated realities about his initial a long time throughout everyday life, his details and game midpoints and furthermore incorporate references to help their realities. Their motivation is to give as much educated and strong realities about Michael Jordan’s vocation and life. The article targets and encourages any client hoping to discover data about Michael Jordan and Wikipedia does this all by refering to its sources and utilizing references. An incredible case of a way Wikipedia is a solid source is the image is figure 6, shows a plaque of Michael Jordan’s accomplishments at the United Center. Wikipedia likewise has all through the content blue featured content that can lead the peruser to connections to other Wikipedia passages or sources that identify with the subject of decision. Wikipedia has persuade that it is an entirely dependable source due to its refering to and sound realities I got about Michael Jordan’s vocation. Wikipedia lead me to new realities about Michael Jordan’s profession, for example, â€Å"During the Bulls season finisher run in 1993, discussion emerged when Jordan was seen betting in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the night prior to a game against the Knicks. In that equivalent year, he confessed to covering $57,000 in betting losses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (14). With Wikipedia raise this issue about Michael Jordan’s life and refering to where it originated from and giving me substitute connections that lead me more into profundity with this issue demonstrates that Wikipedia is solid. Some reach the determination that Wikipedia has a shortcoming and is definitely not a solid source since it is an open source site which implies anybody can alter it. Its shortcoming is the thing that makes it so extraordinary. Anybody can alter it. This brings an enormous assortment of data just as extraordinary profundity and huge reference indices. Wikipedia likewise goes well beyond to address and alter sources have references and staff are continually checking alters. In Wikipedia’s disclaimer that may it obvious that Wikipedia might be mistaken and deluding and it is eventually they clients choice and to utilize their informed decision. In any case, how is some irregular site that is Googled up increasingly dependable then Wikipedia? As far as I can tell Wikipedia has lead me to important and dependable data about the current theme and has gave me pictures, realities and sources to back my data up with. Works Cited â€Å"Wikipedia. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. ,1 Apr. 2013. Web. 10Apr. 2013. â€Å"Michael Jordan. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. , 10 Apr. 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2013.

Employee Empowerment on Customer Satisfaction

Worker Empowerment on Customer Satisfaction Worker strengthening and consumer loyalty is one of those terms that everybody thinks they see, however few truly do. Ask twelve unique individuals and youll find twelve distinct solutions to the inquiry, What is representative strengthening? Truth be told, inquire about twelve authoritative scholars and youll find the same number of solutions to a similar inquiry. A few essayists demonstrate that strengthening comprises of sharing force and authority. Others state that strengthening happens when the associations forms are set-up to take into account it. On the off chance that you remember the auxiliary word reference meaning of to give resources or capacities to: empower (Grove, 1971, p.744), with all that this word suggests, at that point you will be destined for success for the reasons. Worker strengthening is a key component of the advanced administration style. Engaged representatives are relied upon to perform all the more adequately when contrasted with those working in customary or tyrant hierarchical societies. Engaged workers are progressively persuaded when contrasted with the individuals who simply follow the given lines. Representative strengthening makes feeling of belongingness and proprietorship towards the parent association. Engaged representative feel increasingly certain and attempt to give their best to their managers, subsequently, administration quality improves. Improved item or administration quality for the most part results into more significant level of consumer loyalty. More significant level of consumer loyalty results into a greater deals volume coming about into an improved gainfulness. Each business targets gaining benefits; anyway benefits and client esteem go connected at the hip. So as to give most extreme incentive to a client, the specialist co-op is required to build up a sound comprehension of the client desires. In the initial segment of this theory, the creators will introduce the foundation to the issue, which will at that point be determined in the subsequent part. Further, the delimitations of this investigation will be expressed. Subsequent to perusing this initial segment, the peruser will have increased a superior comprehension of the exploration subject which prompts reason and related research addresses managing this investigation. Foundation Worldwide markets have assembled a serious situation in business. In the event that the associations need to stay in the market, they should be creative in bringing expenses and incentive down to clients. So it is fundamental for an association to use the maximum capacity of its kin. However, the representatives need force and control to settle on choices to satisfy the clients needs. As per (Cook, 1992) considers indicated that individuals work with full vitality when they feel cheerful, even they are prepared to forfeit for associations and give their blood to the organization. Be that as it may, when they feel esteemed and significant. They show their contribution in the business. (R Maxwell, 2005) Employees in a help association and especially, the individuals who have visit contacts with the client normally fill in as delegates of both the Organization and their items or administrations to the client at contact point. The nature of the administration and the fulfillment the client may determine will be an appraisal of the whole help understanding. Workers who are engaged in an association can either depict a positive or negative picture to the clients. Reason STATEMENT The reason for this study based quantitative research is to decide and distinguish the impression of representatives about the worker strengthening in banking segment of Pakistan. At what degree these associations are rehearsing worker strengthening, and how much this strengthening has sway on administration quality and consumer loyalty. In issues concerning money related duties, ventures and spending clients, not just need consolation that their funds are protected, yet in addition that they are esteemed for submitting their stakes with a specific monetary organization. Clients of a bank depend on the administrations conveyed to them by the bank whether they are sparing saving, taking advances, getting the money for checks or purchasing reserves, they rely on the workers answerable for taking care of issues identifying with them, to convey high help quality in other to expand their fulfillment. Essentialness OF THE STUDY This examination will give a profound view to the ramifications of representative strengthening to workers, government, bosses, understudies and the overall population who have an enthusiasm for the investigation. The perusers will have the option to see new relations between various factors and calculated comprehension of these factors. They will peruse new ideas with regards to banking part for example hierarchical picture, viability and effectiveness and building trust. This examination is focused at the administration of associations inside the financial business, and enterprises delivering profoundly elusive prevailing administrations, as recommendation with respect to representative strengthening, which when rehearsed can upgrade consumer loyalty and make a decent client saw administration quality. Targets Fundamental destinations of the examination is to decide the effect of representative strengthening on consumer loyalty in banking segment of Pakistan. General destinations: To decide the effect of representative strengthening on adequacy and productivity. To decide the effect of representative strengthening on administration quality. To decide the effect of representative strengthening on authoritative picture. 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of representative strengthening on consumer loyalty in banking segment of Pakistan? Section TWO LITRATURE REVIEW 2.0 INTRODUCTION Within todays shaky open and private divisions, outside weights from political, ecological, social and mechanical sources expect the board to search out, assess and grasp, new arranging, authoritative and working procedures to stay on target in quest for their affiliations crucial long haul objectives. Among the horde of proposed hypotheses, models and plans submitted in the previous decade to the administrative network for conceivable acknowledgment and usage is the idea of worker strengthening. Inside the range of conversation on representative strengthening, talk definitely makes reference to the significant achievement or disappointment of strengthening as a feasible apparatus to upper administration. As indicated by (Kirkman, 1989) strengthening of workers is persistently developing today in Europe. Multinationals have an extraordinary worry on strengthening of workers. Strengthening increment worker inspiration and positive direction towards his work job lastly brings about higher productivity.(Watson,2003)over the previous not many years, conventional administration has gone and new popularity based methodologies has its spot. Worker strengthening, which came up in 1990s, is known as one of the new administration ideas. (Hanold, 1997) However, when the important writing is investigated, this idea is comprehended to have a more extended history than recently suspected with its underlying foundations Human Rights Movement of 1950 and 1960s, strengthening has rather firmly identified with the different ideas and strategies intended to democratize the work-place. 2.1 EFFECTIVENESS EFFICIENCY (Conger, Kanangu, 1988) the executives scientists and experts have distinct fascination for idea of strengthening and related administration rehearses. This intrigue is because of a few reasons. First examinations on administration and administrative aptitudes propose that the act of engaging subordinate is a central part of administrative and authoritative adequacy. Second investigations of intensity and control inside association uncovers that the absolute profitable type of authoritative force and viability develop with prevalent sharing of intensity and control with subordinates. (Mayers, 1987) workers are powerful entertainers when they are enabled. Since the reality the representatives who have power to take choices perform better. What's more, use the assets of the association effectively. 2.2 SERVICE QUALITY In banking associations, the general contribution in a specific industry is averagely comparable, despite the fact that they may take part in various ways to deal with accomplishing a separation from the others, to have the option to acquire piece of the overall industry and clients in the business. As indicated by (Gooronos, 2001), that practically any retailing bank can furnish a person with retailing administrations, yet only one out of every odd bank figures out how to treat clients such that they are satisfied with. Specialist co-ops subsequently look to separate themselves from their adversaries by offering clients higher caliber of administrations than their rivals, which makes the premise of their opposition to be characterized by their administrations. (K.Sen, 2008)The nature of administrations as being elusive, heterogeneous, transitory, created, and expended at same time makes it impossible to miss to convey, and testing to associations to accomplish a separation from the others. 2.3 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION (Spetz, Butler; 2008)In the previous years the opposition in the financial part is expanding. There is progressively decision for the clients and in this way the banks need to work more enthusiastically to draw in clients. (Subside, Waterman, 1982) centered that great associations adjust their techniques and objectives to the prerequisite s of their clients .One route is to mind workers and engage them. (George 1992)There exists a cooperation between the ideal outcomes and consumer loyalty, client dependability and client maintenance. Part THREE RESEARCH METHADOLOGY 3.0 INTRODUCTION Research technique is characterized as the examination of the standards of strategies, rules, and proposes utilized by a control or the advancement of strategies, to be applied inside an order or a specific methodology or set of systems. It ought to be noticed that technique is much of the time utilized when strategy would be increasingly exact. Approach incorporates the accompanying ideas as they identify with a specific control or field of request: An assortment of hypotheses, ideas or thoughts. Near investigation of various methodologies. Investigate of the individual techniques. Procedure alludes to more than a

Turning to Adderall for Weight Loss

Turning to Adderall for Weight Loss Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print Turning to Adderall for Weight Loss By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Back in the 1950s and 60s, doctors would prescribe amphetamines for weight loss.?? That practice was ended by law when the addictive nature of these drugs was proven. Today, Adderall prescribed for ADHD is sometimes used non-medically for its weight loss support properties. Adderall contains  amphetamine  and has the typical amphetamine effect of suppressing appetite. Some people turn to this Adderall diet or speed diet to lose weight, although no doctor would prescribe the drug for that purpose.?? With many people prescribed Adderall appropriately for ADHD, it is also not a surprise that people who use it for nonmedical purposes often get it from friends and family members or can easily buy it on the street. The risks of taking Adderall for weight loss include serious psychiatric and medical conditions. Adderall Effects and Nonmedical Use Adderall, when used properly and as prescribed, can be beneficial for treating ADHD. Unfortunately, there are those who abuse stimulants. Adderall abuse  and the misuse of similar stimulants  are seen in about 3.4 percent of those age 12 and older,  according to a study published in 2013.?? Adderall has the effect of increasing dopamine signaling in the brain. This can give a feeling of euphoria and being energized. The physical effects include raising the heart rate and blood pressure, constricting blood vessels, opening breathing passages, and increasing blood glucose. It can have the effect of suppressing appetite, which can result in eating less. People taking Adderall for ADHD may experience weight loss due to the appetite suppression side effect even if they werent trying to lose weight.?? According to a  study published in 2013, most people who take Adderall non-medically give the reason of improving their productivity, with fewer saying they use it for weight loss. Differences Between Strattera and Adderall Risks and Consequences of Nonmedical Use of Adderall Adderall is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ADD / ADHD.?? Using the drug for another purpose is not only unwise, but it is also dangerous. When taken at higher than the prescribed dosage, Adderall can be psychologically and physically addictive. In addition, some longer-term abusers need to take increasing amounts in order to get the same appetite suppression.?? They may even turn to sleeping pills to counteract Adderalls stimulant effect. If Adderall pills are taken as prescribed, they slowly and steadily give a therapeutic effect to the brain. When used at higher doses and when people misuse them by taking them through different routes, the effects are larger and more immediate, which is believed to increase the risk of addiction. Abuse can lead to malnutrition, feelings of hostility, paranoia, heart complications, and stroke.?? Once you abuse stimulants chronically, you can have withdrawal symptoms when you stop using them. It is a better choice to avoid stimulants for the purpose of appetite suppression and rely on non-drug tactics for weight loss.

Development Of A Child s Cognitive And Physical Development

Human development involves a series of complex stages which bring about pivotal changes in a child’s cognitive and physical development. Ozretich and Bowman suggest other periods of rapid growth through middle childhood and adolescence such as moral development, self-concept, psychological and emotional traits, relationships to adults including parents, and peer relationships (2008). Undoubtedly, these dramatic psychosocial changes, when integrated with other biological fluctuations, impact children in a tremendously significant manner. For instance, puberty begins approximately between the ages of eight and eleven: this is considered to be the middle childhood periods. Girls appear to experience the most changes since this is when menstruation manifests itself and propagates different and more varied hormonal changes within the female anatomy. However, psychosocially, both sexes may experience â€Å"logical thinking with limited ability to extend logic to abstract co ncepts; disdain for imaginative and illogical thinking of early childhood† (Ozretich Bowman, 2008). Social development is an additional component of a child’s growth and includes self-worth based on material assets, academic skills and athletic abilities. This may also be considered the â€Å"egocentric† stage of moral human development which involves the development of a â€Å"conscience†, morals and values which are assimilated through interaction with parents, peers, as well as, other adults, such as teachers,Show MoreRelatedSupport The Positive Parenting Of A Child s Physical, Cognitive And Social Emotional Learning Development2812 Words   |  12 Pagesinclude a strength based approach to support the positive parenting in respect of a child s physical, cognitive and social emotional learning development. The first two years of any child s life are the most critical and important when it comes to their personal development when growing up. They ar e essential to the cognitive, physical, social and emotional development. Many theorists have suggested that is a child is brought up where their developmental needs are not being met from either circumstancesRead MoreLearning Styles And Sociocultural Influences On Child And Adolescent Development1641 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will describe child and adolescent behaviours reported in the media and will examine the link to development theories, learning styles and sociocultural influences on child and adolescent development. As a developing secondary school preserve teacher, my focus will be mainly on adolescent behaviours and development. I will be examining an article from a media how these developmental theories analyses and helps us to understand the behaviour of child and adolescents. I will also try toRead MoreFactors Affecting Development873 Words   |  4 Pages Factors affecting development Early Stimulation Studies of the effect of environmental stimulation on an individual s development in either general or specific ability conclude that some specific stimulation should be introduced at an early age while a child is still malleable. An intense, persistent, and regular tutorial approach within the family encourages the development of a special talent or ability and develops learning sets useful in the future. A child must learn the specialized symbolicRead More Development of a Four Year Old Child Essays589 Words   |  3 PagesDevelopment of a Four Year Old Child Works Cited Not Included Enthusiasm in children is like a ripple in the water ... it spreads. ~Anonymous~ The study of child development helps us understand the changes we see as children grow and develop. 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Programing is also a game depending on the way you view what programing is. Programing should be started around the age of eight, to maximize the benefits of programing. A website like CodeCombat will help the child dive into the world of programing. CodeCombat is a game that forces a child to program in order to play the game. Programing challenges the child to help withRead MorePiaget vs. Vygotsky1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of cognitive development is defined as the development of the ability to think and reason. There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the physical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can understand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will betterRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive And Affective Development1693 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: The Methodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget The Methodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget Timothy Carlton Southwest Tennessee Community College A Paper Presented In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For Life Span Psychology 2130-L01 July 31, 2014 â€Æ' â€Æ' Abstract Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive and Affective Development is a result of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding mental processes and the behaviors presented by those processes. Piaget’s theoryRead MorePhysical and Cognitive Development1246 Words   |  5 PagesPhysical and Cognitive Development PSY/ 103 Introduction to Psychology This paper is will focus on the influences of physical and cognitive development in adolescence from 12 to 18 years of age. This part of the developmental stage has many factors that affect the physical development as well as the cognitive development in adolescence. In addition to influences of physical and cognitive development this paper will also focus on the hereditary and environmental influences that makeRead MoreHow Do Infants And Toddlers Develop Their Cognitive Abilities?1372 Words   |  6 PagesHow do infants and toddlers develop their cognitive abilities? Essentially, the formative years of research on the aspect of cognitive growth in infants made certain assumptions, for instance, an infant growth was significantly simplified. However, modern research indicates that there is a complex pattern of cognitive development in infants. To answer the question, it is imperative to start by understanding what the cognitive aspect of the development of infants is. Ideally, infants and toddlers

Perfect Family Vacation - Free Essay Example

Theory Of Evolution Free Essays

I have always believed that it can take one person to get the ball rolling, but it takes a group to make an impact. Therefore, the concept of evolution via natural selection was a group effort. Darwin didn’t work on scientific evolution alone. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory Of Evolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Within, the seven years Darwin was thinking and analyzing about his theory, others were working on it themselves. Darwin is certainly the father of evolution, but our current understanding of evolution [DNA, natural selection, genetics, etc. ] has evolved through the scientific understanding of others. As with natural evolution, our understanding of hereditary transfer/natural selection has also evolved as well. Theories have been introduced since Darwin that have been proven both true and false [scientific natural selection]. However, would it have been proposed to the world if not for Wallace? No theory can be proven true, unless somebody else takes the report and repeats the research and comes up with same result. Wallace was a deep thinker, as was Darwin, so it’s no shock that they both concluded the same theory of evolution. Although, should Wallace have not assured Darwin of his theory we might have never known of a thing called evolution? Evolution was just the starting point for many new theories soon to be thought of. From evolution there arose natural selection. Together again, Darwin and Wallace created this theory. In order to verify their theory of natural selection, they had to dispute with Lemarck about variation. They both borrowed information from each other to better understand what they were trying to propose. Darwin new that, † variation already existed, however he was unsure where this variation came from† [Park 1998:33]. But by seeing what Lemarck had already concluded Darwin could continue on with his theory with knowledge from another source. In order to be valued, two parties must verify the results. In the process of re-examining a study, new knowledge is gained, theory is formed, and principals evolve. Darwin was the starting point for many new theories, before he passed away. After Darwin was gone, there came Mendall, who showed us the unit of heredity and modern syntheses. Mendall thought of theories far beyond Darwin, but to gain this knowledge he had to start with what Darwin had already concluded. In order to have theories evolve you need more than one mind. Knowledge of genetics and DNA has grown massively over the years, partly in response to technology. Of course, the basis of our knowledge came from Darwin, Wallace, Lemarck, and Mendall, but to capitalize on these theories we use our technology sources today. We are now capable of manipulating genes to possible altar evolution. When Darwin, Wallace, Lemarck, and Mendall were around they didn’t posses the technology we have today. Since, technology we have been able to discover many new theories, as mentioned above. Many people in this world start theories or discoveries, but in order to better understand them or draw a conclusion, you need more input from others. By giving or taking input other than your own you’re able to see other people’s nature of science. Take cars, for instance, the first car did not have a hood, nor could it even go over twenty-five miles per hour. Henry Ford knew he created something that could forever change the world, but it was also just a starting point. Fords basic idea of transportation has been built on for years. Cars these days are completely different. They are finer, more reliable, and they have hoods! However, in order for cars to evolve to the way they are today, we needed input or suggestions from others. Sometimes the best ideas are by those who just sit back and observe. It is like learning how to ride a bike. You can sit and watch someone get up on his or her bike and fall, knowing that if they would have just kept their balance evenly distributed they would have not fallen. So knowing the information, when you get up on your bike you remember to keep your weight balanced, subsequently you do not fall. Scientific discovery is the social process. Had Darwin acted on it alone, our understanding of evolution would be far less. However, our current concept is far more comprehensive, this is entirely due to the contribution of several minds over an extended period of time. How to cite Theory Of Evolution, Essay examples

A Case Study Analysis On Leadership Depth @Corus

Question: I also need a few diagrams or charts with proper referencing to support the answers case study is about the company "Corus? Answer: Introduction The managers are experiencing complex responsibilities with the increase in business competitions in the market place. With the proper leadership and managerial techniques, tools and theoretical applications leaders of multinational organizations are able to manage their workforce (Frost, 2008). The assignment focuses on the relevancy, creditability and limitations of current leadership conceptualization based on case study of multinational steel making company Corus. Critical evaluations on Leadership Depth The leadership depth provides an overall learning and knowledge on increasing the contribution, performance and productivity of the leaders with engagement of leadership equations (Eli et al. 2012). In the analysis, the leadership depth specifies the as kills, abilities and practices that is need to be learned by the managers to enhance their motivating, directing and leading abilities to the workforce. It certainly increases the conceptions of leadership equations from the leadership depth. As per the equations the individual performances, their skills, abilities and set of qualities together form a leadership capability for a sustainable development and improvement (Kim Brymer, 2011). It is evaluated that increasing the leadership depth result to increase in overall managerial performances, that enhances the workforce productivity focus and contributions. It can be said that with the engagement of leadership depth, managers indirectly increase positioning and profitability of busi ness in the market. The lack of leadership depth originates poor management, handling mentoring and leading the employees in the organizations (Ree et al. 2010). This makes impact on the business performance and indirectly hampers stakeholders relationships and needs. As per the analysis, it has assessed that the lack of leadership depth directly put a negative impact in the lack of managing and allocation of resources that reduce quality of final product. It certainly reduces the fails to meet customers estimations and expectations that are considered an important stakeholder of organisation (Levin, 2010). Lack of leadership depth originates lack of morality and motivation within the employees that demoralizes them to seek good opportunity of growth in organizations. This need of employees is assessed as important need as they considered as stakeholders of company. Decline in the performance and productivity in the business reduce the performance and manufacturing of the products, low quality engagemen t reduces the sales volume and profitability of organizations (Bush, 2010). Thus, lack of leadership depth indirectly affects the shareholders, and managers needs of revenue generations who are supposed to be internal stakeholders of company. Leadership Styles and theory The Corus or Tata Steel Europe group is under the leadership of Ratan Tata who is CEO of Tata Group has been assessed as the successful leader to convert the company as second largest steel product company in the international market place (Tatasteeleurope.com, 2015). As per the trait, followed by Ratan Tata assess end that a true leader is the individuals who have made some differences in life and contributed to make the societys life style much better with higher standard of living. In the analysis, the CEO of the company is assessed to be honest throughout his professional career to transform the company into the multinations corporation. Dependability in making proper and current business decisions while the acquisitions were made by TATA with Corus and Jaguar (Tatasteeleurope.com, 2015). Figure 1: Leadership Theories (Source: Fox, 2014, pp- 45) On the other hand, the chairpersons of General Electric, Jack Welch have helped to make the company as worlds largest conglomerate multinational company based in New York, USA. In the analysis, Jack Welch has adopted the 4 E-leadership styles that engage energy, energizer, edge and execution (Ge.com, 2015). In case of Ratan Tata, the abilities and skills been applied to motivate the employees of company are been presented from the beginning of his entrance in the company. In relations to the trait theory, there are several human behaviors, attitudes, believes and confidence level assessed to be part of the democratic leader (Adair, 2010). Thus, trait theory is most suitable for the democratic leadership style applied by Ratan Tata. In the other hand, the 4 E model of leadership style or pace setting leadership adopted by Jack Welch is more appropriate to behavioral theory of leadership. As per the analysis, the pace setting leadership style applied by former chairperson of General Electric is based on participations, contributions and behavioral approach (Gardner Cogliser, 2009). The leadership style applied by Jack Welch included working hard, motivating employees to work hard, defining the working limitations that are part of the behavioral approach. Thus, the behavioral theory of leadership has explained that leaders are made by practice hard work and focus not been born (Cavaleri Reed, 2008). Figure 2: Leadership Styles (Source: Coleman, 2012, pp- 76) Leadership trends and effects With the implication of the leaderships depth, the manager is able to evaluate and manage the workforce of business entities more proper and reliable manner (Wu, 2013). Implication of the strategic management process is one of the tools used by the leaders in organizations to engage more structured rules and regulations to be followed (Bush, 2012). Thus, as per the assessment, in the multinational steel making company of United Kingdome Corus, the management organizes the strategic procedure in five major stages. As the company organized in 1999, TATA group to make some organisational changes wows it. In the first step, the managers set goals and objectives to be achieved. Analysis of the goals and objectives are made to allocation of the required resources leadership strategy formations, evaluations and controlling the strategic implication. There is different strategic benchmarking that can be formed to enhance good leadership capabilities (Conger Riggio, 2012). Relationship communication and motivational skills are another attributes that enhance knowledge and learning of attempting and completing the job more dignified manner. Increasing the self-motivations provides more support and confidence to complete the job in proper manner. There are certain steps that can be engaged to form a good leadership capability; these stag es are formed as strategic capabilities. In the analysis, based on the principles and tactics adopted by two dignified business leaders there are some of the capabilities and strategic skills need to be developed for enhancing the job performances (Lumby Coleman, 2010). Organizing a clear vision on the aim and objectives to be achieved, increase in the passion and interest of achieving the particular target. Following a role model and creating confidence level to go with allocate resources for achieving the goal, increasing the communication skills to enhance knowledge and positive attitude towards reach the goal and objective been framed to achieve (Archard, 2013). In the analysis these are some of the capabilities such as motivation, passions, visions, confidence, self motivation communicational skills to create proper bench marketing strategic capabilities to improve individuals leadership skills. Figure 3: Strategic capabilities in leadership (Source: Bush, 2013, pp- 42) leadership trends and their negative impact As per the case study, the Corus is defined to make an organizational change, thus with the engagement of leadership abilities and benchmarking strategies. As per the evaluations the leadership capabilities provides opportunity to make a push to the individuals achieving their organizational objectives in more specified and reliable manner (Rayner Adam-Smith, 2009). The change strategic approach applied in Corus includes proper leadership equation includes skill capabilities and abilities of doing more qualitative job results to leadership capability that forms better individual performance and productivity. As per the evaluations, Jack Welch was most hardworking, energized and motivational leaders at the time operating in the general electric. In the year of 2001, he has resigned from the position although his practices, morals, motivational quotations and strategic attributes are still applied and adopted in the real business world (Ge.com, 2015). As per the analysis and evaluations, the discussion on traits and leadership trends defined of Ratan Tata under whom the operations of Corus is been made. In the other hand the former chairmen of General Electric Jack Welch has evaluated who adopted 4 E model of leadership trend or assessed as pace setting leadership style. As per the analysis, it is necessary to be organized and planned for every activity in the business so that every action can be taken in qualitative and effective manner. The trait theory of leadership is one of the leadership trend that describes the democratize leadership style adopted by Ratan Tata. In the theory it has evaluated that the individuals inherently engages some of the leadership styles with them (O'Leary, 2013). As per the evaluations, some of the abilities and skills are with the individuals themselves such as negations, motivation, honesty the individuals are need to identify and practices them In relations to enhance the job performance, the Focus and confidence is most reliable capability that helps to increase the job performances. It enhances the determinations towards a particular task to be achieved by employees commonly used by leaders (Bubb Earley, 2007). However, there is one limitation that is leadership skills increase the job performance but unable to provide interest and passion. It is not based on certain mindset to on psychological or emotional attributes. Conclusion The study engages critical analysis and evaluations on the leadership styles, approaches, theories and strategic techniques for enhancing performance and productivity of the employees. Based on the case study of Corus that is now known as Tata Europe Group, the leadership styles of two dignified leaders have been discussed. As per the analysis of leadership styles adopted, provides proper evaluations of capabilities to be involved to improve skills and abilities for increasing job performance of business individuals. Reference Books Adair, J. (2010) Strategic Leadership: How to Think Plan Strategically Provide Direction. 5th ed. London: Kogan Page. Bubb, S., Earley, P. (2007). Leading managing continuing professional development. Los Angeles, CA: Paul Chapman Pub. Conger, J. A. Riggio, R. E. (2012) The Practice of Leadership: Developing the Next Generation of Leaders, 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Frost, D. (2008). Teacher leadership: values voice. School Leadership Management, 28(4), 337-352 Rayner, C., Adam-Smith, D. (2009). Managing leading people. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel Development. Ree, G., French, R., Rayner, C. (2010). Leading, managing developing people. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel Development. Source: Ulrich, D., Zenger, J., Smallwood, N. (2013). Results-based leadership. Harvard Business Press. Wu, B. (2013). New theory on leadership management science. [Oxford]: Chartridge Books Oxford. Journals Archard, N. (2013). Adolescent Leadership: The Female Voice. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 41(3), 336-351. Bush, T. (2010). Accelerating Leadership Development. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 38(2), 147-148. Bush, T. (2012). Enhancing Leadership Density through Teamwork. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(6), 649-652. Bush, T. (2013). Leadership in Early Childhood Education. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 41(1), 3-4. Cavaleri, S., Reed, F. (2008). Leading dynamically complex projects. International Journal Of Managing Projects In Business, 1(1), 71-87. Coleman, M. (2012). Leadership Diversity. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(5), 592-609. Fox, A. (2014). Book Review: Leading Managing People in Education. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 42(4), 593-595. Levin, B. (2010). Leadership for evidence-informed education. School Leadership Management, 30(4), 303-315. Lumby, J., Coleman, M. (2010). Leadership diversity. School Leadership Management, 30(1), 1-2. O'Leary, D. (2013). Leading, managing developing people. Action Learning: Research Practice, 10(1), 79-83. Eli, M., Ã… ¾ener, ., Aksoy, S., Alpkan, L. (2012). The Impact of Ethical Leadership Leadership Effectiveness on Employees Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Work Related Stress. Procedia - Social Behavioral Sciences, 58, 289297 Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C. (2009) Meso-modeling of leadership: Following James G.(Jerry) Hunts lead in integrating micro- macro-perspectives of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(4), 493500 Kim, W. G., Brymer, R. A. (2011). The effects of ethical leadership on manager job satisfaction, commitment, behavioral outcomes, firm performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 10201026. Websites Ge.com, (2015). Corporate Executives. Retrieved 22 January 2015, from https://www.ge.com/about-us/leadership/corporate-executives Tatasteeleurope.com, (2015). Leadership | Tata Steel in Europe. Retrieved 22 January 2015, from https://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/about-us/leadership

Raindrop Misconception Essays - Fluid Dynamics, Drop, Liquids, Rain

Raindrop Misconception Common Raindrop Misconceptions Raindrops look like teardrops when they fall Gravity pulls the base of the water drop faster than the top All raindrops are the same shape Raindrops look like teardrops when they fall. This is a common misconception for children and adults because of the common artistic representation of rain being in the form of teardrops. Due to this explanation, this misconception would be classified as episodic personal information. This misconception could also be classified as a cultural personal misconception because the artistic representation is a part of our popular culture. Gravity pulls the base of the water drop faster than the top. This is an example of perceptual personal knowledge. Children that have a grasp of gravity, understand that gravity is a force that acts on or against objects. They may take this understanding and apply it to a falling drop of water and assume that the bottom of the drop is affected more so than the top. All raindrops are the same shape. This misconception is very similar to the first. People are led to believe that raindrops all fall in the same shape because of the way they are artistically represented. Therefore, this too is categorized as episodic and cultural personal information. Science Essays

The eNotes Blog You Dont KnowDickens

You Dont KnowDickens 7 lesser-known facts that may make you see the  beloved author and philanthropist  of the Victorian era in a new light by Michelle Ossa 1. He suffered from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder from his time at  Warrens Shoeblacking Factory and Warehouse At the age of 12 Charles Dickens suffers a life-changing event that forever marks his life. His father, John Dickens, was arrested for debt, and sent to Marshalsea Debtor’s Prison in London. The able-bodied, older male Charles was considered old enough to work and earn some wages. For this reason he is forced out of school and sent to Warren’s Shoeblacking;   a place fully-described in the semi-biographical novel Oliver Twist. Similarly, Charles works under grueling and cruel conditions that predate any workers’ rights movement. Moved by these sad events Dickens used his talent to publish in mass and expose these realities. Through literature, he gave a voice to orphans, destitute children and mistreated workers using them as motifs that recur in his body of work.   According to Dickens’s most reliable biographer, John Forster, the author had â€Å"an attraction of repulsion† that rendered him more effective when dealing with topics that directly describe images of his sad childhood.   Therefore, this repetition of misery and pain during childhood as a central theme denote a need to continuously cope with the traumas of childhood. 2.  He was likely manic depressive According to his own letters, Dickens suffered consistent bouts of â€Å"depression† that would start when beginning to write a new work, and would then developing into a â€Å"mania† that powered him to complete them.   It was a â€Å"balance† between deep, debilitating sadness followed by periods of acute impulsivity.   According to Hershman and Lieb in the book Manic Depression and Creativity   (1998), Dickens’s explosive creativity was a result of the maniac state that makes sufferers of bipolar disorder feel indestructible (p. 106).   An example of Dickens’s mania is what is known as the â€Å"Dickens Summers†. According to Manic Depression and Creativity Dickens would rent a spacious summer home and have sumptuous parties for large quantities of people on a daily basis. Dedicated to the very last detail both at home and work, Dickens would also spend hours insisting on completing massive amounts of work until the last word was w ritten. The book explains how bipolar disorder renders those who suffer from it extremely oblivious of the wants and needs of others. The need to be the center of all attention, and the extreme shift in mood certainly profile Dickens as bipolar. 3.  He was a chauvinist Although Dickens was a charmer on the outside, he was considerably different with his own family, particularly with his wife, Catherine. Several books have been written on the matter, all depicting the relationship between Dickens and his wife as very one-sided†¦ favoring Dickens’s side of course.   For example, in the book Dickens’ Women author Miriam Margolyes cites an 1842 letter in which Dickens tells a friend that his wife is â€Å"as near being a donkey as one of her sex can be.   According to Dickens’s published letters, he also refers to â€Å"Kate† as â€Å"baggage†, as dumb, and as an incompetent mother and housekeeper. To make matters worse for Mrs. Dickens it seemed that each time hubby Charles would fall for another woman (and it happened often), Catherine would become pregnant. Catherine bore Charles ten children, and, according to Charles, she was to blame for every one of them. Dickens had a deep weakness for other women and did all he could to impress them. At home, however, he was stern and abusive to his very loyal wife, and his needs came before those of his family. But Dickens did not fall for just any woman. It seems Charlie’s â€Å"women wish list† comes with a bit of sauciness 4.  Ã‚  He was a sexual deviant of the time Dickens was a good â€Å"politician† in his own right, building a â€Å"super hero of the people† persona through his many charities, and demands for social reform. This very persona conveniently hid a secret life that evidences a penchant for sexual deviance. Now, let’s make something clear: It is very easy to be a sexual deviant. All you need to do is enjoy sex in a way that deviates (detours, moves away) from what is considered â€Å"traditional† sex, that is, married, monogamous, missionary, etc. In Victorian times especially it was not difficult to be labeled a deviant. Back to Dickens, his sexual appetites denote three specific tastes:   a) very young women, b) women who defied the prudish Victorian ideal and, c) women who were also sexually deviant in nature. The first typology encompasses women in their late teens starting with Dickens’s own sister-in-law, Mary. Dickens had a deep, plutonic desire for Mary up until she died in his arms at age 17. Then came a series of other equally young females, ending in May, 1858 when a middle-aged Charles wrote to his lawyer, Frederic Ouvry, asking for a legal separation from Catherine. He  had fallen  deeply in love with 18-year old actress Ellen Ternan. They even moved in together and remained a couple until his death. Notice that actresses were considered less respectable women in the 19th century and that may be precisely what enticed Dickens.   Moreover, the book Charles Dickens by the well-respected biographer Claire Tomalin hints at the possibility that Dickens may have even frequented t he â€Å"fallen women† whom he was â€Å"helping† to â€Å"clean up† from the streets of London.   Super-hero syndrome, anyone? 5.  He was a manipulator Happy ol’ Dickens made a major and infamous faux pas: he sent his teeny-bopper mistress a very cute bracelet†¦ but it reached his wife by accident! This mistake made the news and everyone was talking about it. What was there to do? Use your social influence to spin stories against your wife. Yep. Now the poor woman is also to blame for the mistake that HE made of sending the mistress’s bracelet to poor Catherine by accident. Such is life. Also, a sudden alliance between Dickens and his sister-in-law served as a way to publically taint the reputation of Catherine as a wife and mother. All of this was a clever, yet cheap, move for Dickens to â€Å"make well† with his people while removing any doubt about his character. Either way, the fact remains: he dumped the wife of forever, the same one who bore him the 10 kids, for an 18 year old second rate actress. And that†¦ is just NOT cool. 6.  He was  obsessive compulsive According to several biographers, most notably Foster, Dickens was obsessed with the new discoveries on electromagnetic fields. He felt that these fields rendered people powerless unless humans work in tandem with the fields. For this reason, he made his family sleep, sit, work, and conduct their daily interactions in a manner where they would supposedly go in the same direction as the field. Sleeping positions and   places at table were of particular importance. Dickens was witnessed touching things several times (often three times), and demanding that his furniture were to be put â€Å"in the correct order† for the â€Å"energy† to flow properly (kind of like Victorian Feng Shui). A master of cleanliness, he would make his children maintain their rooms organized and clean. After all, with  10 of them, why not?   Most notably, Dickens was ceremonious and liked routines ad nausea. Routines were imperative to be followed and he would often lose his temper if things did not operate the way that he would calculate. Other quirks that have been documented include excessive grooming, a constant need to accomplish mini-goals (i.e. his compulsion to complete tremendous amounts of work within one day), and a penchant for looking at himself in the mirror, which comes along with the incessant grooming of his hair.   It could be argued that the fact that specific topics repeat prodigiously among his works could also be a sign of OCD as well as post-traumatic stress. 7.  He was very superstitious Dickens was connected to the London Ghost Club. This should not come to a surprise since the famous (fake) Fox sisters were already conducting the sà ©ances that would bring Ghost-mania to London during Victorian times. Whether he practiced sà ©ances as well, we will not know for sure. However, it is evident that Dickens was a fan of every trend that surfaced in society. One of these was the new hypnotism movement that was known as â€Å"mesmerism.† Ever the experimenter, Dickens would claim that hypnotism helped him and his family get rid of illnesses. However, the pressure that Dickens exerted on his family members may have led them to say just about anything to make their father happy. Despite   his chaotic love life and strange behaviors Dickens worked endlessly to earn a well-deserved reputation as a prolific and respected man of letters. He also did his best to influence social reform, personal life aside. The influence of his works is magical, creating worlds to which we have all traveled in our imagination. Clearly, there are two sides to every story. Even the moon has a dark side. We can forgive and forget this side of Dickens and continue to revel in his unmistakable genius. Sources: Landow, George P. The Blacking Factory and Dickenss Imaginative World. The Blacking Factory and   Dickenss Imaginative World. 14 Oct. 2002.. victorianweb.org/authors/dickens/dickensbio3.htmlgt; Coustillas, Pierre. GISSINGS WRITINGS On DICKENS. London: 1969. (On esoterism) Hunter, Nigel and Edward Mortelmans. Great Lives: Charles Dickens. New York: Bookwright Press, 1989. https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/CD-Biblio.html

Global Education Workshop, Part 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Education Workshop, Part 2 - Assignment Example The objective of the workshop conducted entails the latest approaches of multicultural as well as global education. Furthermore, the objective of the workshop also entails the application as well as the evaluation of various scholarly journals for the purpose of comparing global and multicultural education. As noted in Part 1 of the Workshop Project., the requirements reflect the need for planning lesson tools particularly for the teachers, educators, community members and the children (Altbach, Reisberg & Rumbley, 2009). The lesson planning tools inculcates presentation method. The children will be provided with a brief understanding related to global education by using presentation methods. In relation to one of the objectives of workshop 1 that stated the need of scholarly journals reflects the need and feasibility of the presentation method. The lesson planning tool will include plan board, core planner and the plan book (Kharbach, 2012). Thus, these entail the requirements for f raming the lesson planning tools for the intended audiences. Logical and Comprehensive Design Document That Governs the Conduct of the Project The conducted workshop reflects the study linked with global education. It incorporates the possibilities that the global education opens for the new generation children in the form of students. The following aspects depict a detailed outline about a logical as well as a comprehensive design document that would govern a smooth conduct of the workshop project. Target Group Accordingly, vital target group entails the community members, educators and the school leaders. This workshop has been conducted to provide the school leaders, educators and the community members a wider view about the aspect concerning global education and its approaches. Furthermore, knowledge with regard to global education enlightens the targeted audiences about gaining a better idea concerning the importance of global education. Duration of the Workshop The duration of the workshop can be of 9 hours conducted for a single day only. Objectives The overall goals of the workshop are to discuss and provide a wider view with respect to the possibilities that global education provides better knowledge to the new generation children. Furthermore, it aims at providing a brief view with regard to the approaches needed to enable the students towards attaining a better and a clear idea about the globalized world. Moreover, the workshop also intends to provide a better understanding about the different targets of global education to the new generation of children concerning sustainability, conflict prevention and executing education particularly for any sort of peaceful purpose. Comparison between multicultural and global education also forms the objective of the workshop. Furthermore, the workshop also throws light upon the requirement of global education and need of leadership within the K12 environment. In accordance with the workshop that has been conduc ted, the project entails the details about the institutions that serve as a dais with respect to global education. In relation to this particular workshop, it is to be stated that the workshop tends to provide the learners a superior understanding with respect to education that must be conducted globally and determine the role of the teachers in enhancing learning capabilities of students along with the educators. It can be affirmed

Literacy Autobiography Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literacy Autobiography Assignment - Essay Example The major advantage is that finance is applied uniformly across different industries and in different countries. Consequently, the motivation behind pursuing finance was modelled by the universality of the career and the versatility that the career offers, which may not be possible in other careers today. A career in finance promises the fastest rate of career advancement compared to other careers today. Compared to other industries, there is much less defined levels of seniority when it comes to finance, making it possible for employees to advance much faster in their career progression goals. In most careers, high performers in finance do move up the ladder much faster compared to the less performing staff regardless of their age. This particularly makes finance the most attractive discipline for ambitious people or those who need to prove their readiness to succeed in the highest levels of management despite their age. All that one need is the right qualifications and the determin ation to work harder and smarter to be courted by leading corporates or work privately to realize these goals. This explains the reason why relatively young finance managers have taken over highly performing organizations today. There is unending thirst for those highly qualified in finance, a thirst that the market has failed to quench. As a result, while careers in other industries are shrinking, in finance the field is ever widening to accommodate more with the high performing professionals finding an easy way to the most lucrative jobs. An article in Forbes magazine stated that currently, there is an increasing demand for financial advisors as more Baby Boomers approach their retirement age and need help on financial management (Touryalai). In addition, the article states that in American today, only 5% of more than 316,000 financial advisers are below 30 years of age, and that the bulk of the existing financial advisors are nearing their retirement age. This has created a huge demand in finance-based professions with the demand expected to increase with time. The operation culture in most finance-based careers offers a favourable working environment that may not be realized in most careers. In finance, the main requirements for professionalism are smartness in thinking, rapid response to situations with the correct solutions and constant flow of results within the required constraints. While these factors may be difficult for some, they are exhilarating for those who make things to happen and are eager to achieve their potentials. Moreover, most firms have much less thin staffing margins and lack the bureaucracy that is common in most careers. Mark Tibergian the CEO of Pershing Advisor Solutions remarked that financial advisors are in a career that offers the right degree of independence for employees and that the career stimulates the intellect of such professionals (Touryalai). This leads to increased confidence and being in control of things in an orga nization. The career in this case will only call for exceptionally hard work, commitment and the right focus to remain afloat, besides succeeding. Those who achieve these qualities will certainly reap great benefits. Finance careers offer the best remunerations compared to other careers in different industries. Considering the field requires those with a thirst to succeed, who have to employ commitment, and the best of

Developments of Stem Cell Technology

Developments of Stem Cell Technology The research of embryonic stem cell is classified under the study of biotechnology, which is one of the most recognized areas of research by the public, as well as one that have the potentials of benefited from the completion of the research7. The embryonic stem cells are the absolute base form of all cells that is within a human, they are frequently known for two of their main characteristics. One is the ability to self-renew though a long period of time while remain non-specialised, and the other main characteristic is the stem cells ability to differentiate and give rise to any specialised cell3. Because of these characteristics, it brings hope to cure diseases that were not possible before, by replacing the damaged cell with a new one that is being derive from a stem cell. Neurodegenerative diseases are a prime example where scientists believe that stem cells are the key to treating the disease. However, the research of embryonic stem cells has always being surrounded with contro versy, due to the pro-life movement around the world. This report will be mainly focused on the use of stem cell on treating neurodegenerative diseases, and a general overview of the progress in the research of stem cells. (202 Words) Review The majority of the research done on embryonic stem cells is directed mostly toward medical treatment such as bone narrow transplant, regrowing a new nerve cell to heal Neurodegenerative diseases and more. The researches of stem cell started in the mid eighteen hundreds, when scientists discovered that some cells have the ability to generate into others. But the application of stem cell only start to boom from 1960s, when the human understanding on natural biological systems had increased to the point that it allowed scientists and doctors to do bone marrow transfers between two humans which resulted in curing a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency in 1968. This is the reason that stem cell research attracted attention from the public, due to the possibilities of curing several different types of diseases or healing damages that were beyond humans natural healing ability. Stem cells are the fundamental cells of all the different types of cells that are in a human body. It has the ability to renew itself, under the correct environment and performs obligatory asymmetric replication (see diagram 1 at appendix 1). This, combined with their ability to transform into any specific cell type that can be found in a human body, makes it possible to create new cells to replace those that were damaged by disease or treatment processes. However, the current understanding of the behaviour of stem cells is not enough for scientists and doctors to use them to completely cure a certain disease. Nevertheless, we currently have enough understanding through research, to show that stem cells do have the ability to lessen the symptoms such ailments as Alzhei mers disease. The research into stem cells has potential of curing most of the long-term diseases known to doctors; however the cost of this research is the main reason of controversy. The reason of the controversy around stem cells is focused mainly because embryonic stem cells can only be gathered when an egg is being fertilized. The process of gathering a sample of stem cells started by triggering a human egg that has been left in cryo for more than the legal limit, to grow into an embryo like the normal growth of a child. Afterward, the egg started to grow for five to seven days where the blastocyst started to form along with the inner cell mass. The whole blastocyst is then moved to a specially prepared culturing plate that is covered in a feeder layer, that is designed to support the growth of the stem cell, and chemicals are added to break the blastocyst to allow the inner cell mass to be exposed. From this point on it is merely waiting for the inner cell mass to grow and divide into stem cells that the researcher can use to test in a controlled environment by using different growth factors that will hopefully allow the scientist to map out the reaction of different types of proteins and the chemical environment that would decide the growth path of these stem cells (see diagram at appendix 2). By this point, most biotechnologists require assistance from people in another field, such as chemical engineer, protein specialist and doctors to help culturing or to understand how this stem cell works. These specialist from other field of science, help scientists to understand the growth factor that is involved in the differentiation of the cells. A prime example would be the use of growth factors. Unfortunately this is also where the controversy starts; a lot of people around the world that support pro-life organisations believe that the research of stem cells is immoral; since every embryo that is being used to extract the stem cells have the possibility of becoming a full child, thus the process of extracting the stem cells would destroy the possibility of life. They believe that the same research can be conducted through adult stem cells, or known as somatic stem cells, that can be isolated from bone narrow, or any other cells that have the ability to self repair, without the need of creating a full embryo. While it may be possible to do so, the concentrations of somatic stem cells are extremely hard to isolate and researchers are currently unable to grow them in cultures for further study. However, most scientists believe that while each embryo has the possibility of developing into a child, the long period of cryo that is used to store the egg, is damaging it, to a point that the death rate of the infant will be higher, along with the fact that these cells were originally scheduled to be destroyed, thus it does not make much difference. Therefore, until either the somatic stem cells can be cultured and proven to be as potent as embryonic stem cells, or the latest induced pluripotent stem cells that are created by reprogramming the adult stem cell back into the pluripotent stem cell stage of development. Scientists are stuck on using embryonic stem cells for the majority of the study. (792) Application Case study The advancement in the field of biotechnologys research into stem cells has already started to show results. In the past, diseases such as Alzheimers, which are diseases that cause the degradation of neurons on nerve cells, which were not treatable by doctors before. The most that doctors were able to do was to relieve the pain caused by the disease, they were not able to locate the source of the disease, or how they affected patients. However, since the development of stem cell technology, scientists have regain hope of finding cure or treatment process that can permanent treat these diseases. Using the same system that was originally designed to house the stem cells, they were able to isolate the infected neuron samples that were affected by the diseases, and therefore, were able to devise a treatment or cure for the diseases as they now have a sample with which they can work. Alzheimers disease is one of the most common neuron degradation diseases seen in the world. In America alone, there are at least 5.3 million people that have this disease. Alzheimers disease attacks the nerves and neurons that are in the brain over a long period of time, which slowly causes memory loss, problem solving skills, thinking, to the point that the brain can no longer function properly, leading to death. Alzheimers disease currently has no cure, as the rate that the human body regenerates the brain cells are much slower than the rate of infection. Therefore, theoretically it will be possible to cure Alzheimers if all infected nerve cells could be removed, and replaced with new nerve cells that were derived from the adult stem cell of the patient. This same application can also be used on other diseases such as Parkinsons disease or sport injury that normally requires years of recovery. Based on a published journal in 2009, scientists were able to use bone marrow derived the mesenchymal stem cell to relieve symptoms of Alzheimers on a mice model that have been purposely induced. According to the research journal, when a patient (or mice in their case) that is presented with the disease, the concentration of amyloid-b (Ab) peptides in the form of amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma increases, which causes neural loss to the patient. Therefore, in a direct treatment the research team injected bone-marrow-derived-mesenchymal stem cells into the brain of the induced mice, the result showed that there is a diminution of amyloid-b by the reactivation of microglia that were re-stimulated by the injection of the stem cells. Thus the research team arrived at the conclusion that BMMSCs can promote reduction of the amyloid-b through the microglial activation in the induced Alzheimers brain, suggesting a potential therapeutic agent against Alzheimers disease. (453) however, in the journal the research team fail to considered the other cause of Alzheimer the neruofibrillary tangles Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that the development of stem cells is one field of biotechnology that is emerging quickly as the understanding of natural biological systems increase, along with the fact that the diversity of biotechnology is potentially limitless in the field of medical research. For example, during the process of creating a suitable environment for the embryonic stem cells to grow, researchers have accidentally created a solution that can keep donated organs for longer periods of time, allowing a higher chance of success to the transplant surgery after a long period of travel. In the future, once more is understood about stem cells, the whole technology may be advanced enough to reconstruct an entire limb. There remains much controversy around this field, due to the researchers ethical practices, notably, obtaining new stem cells. Referencing Kil Lee, Jong, Hee Kyung Jin, and Jae-sung Bae. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce brain. Neuroscience Letter 450.2 (2009): 136-41. Web. 31 May 2010. . S. Shihabuddin, Lamya, and Isabelle Aubert. Stem cell transplantation for neurometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropharmacology 58. (2010): 845-54. Web. 12 May 2010. . Stem Cell Basics. In Stem Cell Information [World Wide Web site]. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009 [cited Wednesday, May 12, 2010]ÂÂ  Available at Unknown, Unknown. What is the history of stem cell research? History of Stem Cell Research. AllAboutPopularIssues.org, 2010. Web. 12 May 2010. . Unknown, Unknown. What is Alzheimer? Alzheimers Association. Alzheimers Association, 06 April 2010. Web. 28 May 2010. . Unknown, Unknown. Stem cell. Stem Cell. AlphaMed Press, 28 May 2010. Web. 12 May 2010. . Keener, Kevin, Thomas Hoban, and Rekha Balasubramanian. BIOTECHNOLOGY and its APPLICATIONS. North Carolina State University. North Carolina State University, 06/03/2010. Web. 12 May 2010. . Lindvall O (2003). Stem cells for cell therapy in Parkinsons disease. Pharmacol Res 47 (4): 279-87. Doi: 10.1016/S1043-6618(03)00037-9. PMIDÂÂ  12644384.ÂÂ   Goldman S, Windrem M (2006). Cell replacement therapy in neurological disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361 (1473): 1463-75. Doi: 10.1098/rstb.2006.1886. PMIDÂÂ  16939969. Unknown, Unknown. Stem Cells and self-Renewal. isscr. ISSCR, 2010. Web. 28 May 2010. www.isscr.org/public/SC_self-renewal.pdf Unknown, Unknown. Neurofibrillary Tangles. Department of Pathology. University of Oklahoma, 2010. Web. 30 May 2010. .

Fordism: Spawning New Management Styles

Introduction. In this essay the focus is on Henry Ford and Fordism. The first paragraph of the essay is an introduction of Fredrick W Taylor, and how Fordism is derived from the ideas of Taylorism. It also looks at the main ideas behind Fordism and scientific management. Further in the essay the importance is to look at the different ideas of Fordism (the mass-production, the $5 day, the division of labour and management style), and on why it was important at is time and the effect following from those ideas.The essay has two different paragraphs discussing the positive and the negative effects of Fordism on management and organisations, and workers and society. In the end of the essay there is some paragraphs about the new forms of management developed after Fordism, and the management styles discussed in this paragraphs are about Neo-Fordism and Post-Fordism. In the early 20th century the ideas of scientific management was created by Frederick W. Taylor, and these new ideas of mana gement style had a big impact on the economy at that time, and for many decades following.In this new form of management, the word efficiency became a central part of the manufacturing process. Some of the strongest characteristics of Taylorism are the division of labour, the structure of control over task performance and the implicit minimum interaction employment relationship. (Craig R Littler 1978) The new role of management was now to scientifically analyse the task that was performed in the manufacture, and then to design the jobs to eliminate all unnecessary time and motion waste.Fordism is derived from Taylorism, and in which Fordism added some new ideas to scientific management, like the assembly line. (RMIT University2012)Fordism is a term that is used to describe mass-production using an assembly line technology to make it possible for a better division of labour and time, with motion management techniques. (RMIT University 2012). It has derived from Henry Ford (1863-1947) a car manufacturer which was perceived as the inventor of mass-production, by installing specialized machines, the flow line of assembly work and using the ideas of Taylorism (Frederick W.Taylor) in his car-manufacture, which led to Henry Ford producing millions of identical cars at a lower production cost which made the cars more affordable. (Ray Batchelor 1994 ; Palgrave Macmillan 2012) The ideas of Taylorism that Henry Ford took into his car manufacturing were the ideas of maximising job fragmentation, minimizing of skill requirements, a minimization of handling component parts and material, separate indirect and direct labour and separate planning and doing. RMIT University2012) Fordism was important in its time, and some of the new ideas of Fordism played an significant role in change in the production, economy, and the relationship between the managers and workers. One of the main ideas of Fordism was mass-production, which made it possible to produce products at a lower cost , through spreading the fixed costs out on a large amount of outputs, and the cars could therefore be sold cheaper. Fred Thomsen 2007) Ford managed to produce practical cars which was within the reach of the average American person. (Robert J Antonio, Alessandro Bonanno 2000) One of Henry Fords main contributing to mass production was the standardization, and this had to be done at perfection, so he had to exploit in machinery tools which made is possible to use the assembly line, so every workers only had to perform one simple task. Fred Thompson 2007) At Ford’s manufacturing’s they made almost all they needed from the raw material, because he had a lot of knowledge about mass production techniques, and could therefore keep the business economic sustainable by doing all of the parts of the production in he’s own manufacture with his own workforce( even though it required more workers, which needed a lot of management to keep control over), but he also verticall y integrated because Ford had a scepticism about accounting and finance, but if he did it himself he would have more control, and could easier direct the flow of raw material. Fred Thompson 2007) But whit the mass production, it was also a small differentiation in the products, in Ford’s case the cars, and one example for that was Henry Ford once saying â€Å" you can have the car in what ever colour you like, as long as its black†. Fordism led the transformation from an agriculture to an economy growing because of mass production and mass consumption. Fred Thompson 2007)The mass production and mass consumption led to an economic growth and widespread material advancement (Fred Thomsen 2007; Robert Boyer 2010) One of the main principle of Fordism was the $5 day, which was double the normal pay and working less hours for those who were qualified, so the workers would stay loyal and work efficient, but also so his own workers would be able to afford the car he was produc ing, and the demand for Ford cars would increase.But for the workers to be qualified they had to have a satisfactory life-stile, like absence from alcohol (RMIT University 2012) But the $5 day was criticised, from example the socialist daily news people, saying is was a scheme to make it difficult for the competitors, but in the general public the $5 days was perceived as a risky move, but also bold, democratic and magnanimous. (Ray Batchelor 1994) It have also been said that Fordism and it higher wages led to productivity growth, economic growth but also an inflation growth. Mark Goodwin, Joe Painter1996) The higher wages was also created so the efficient and good workers still wanted to work in the Ford manufacturing with the new type of management. In Fordism it was a managerial hierarchy (top-bottom), technical controls and strict time-limits, and every task was separated into their simplest constituent elements, making the work routinized. (Robert J Antonio, Alessandro Bonanno, 2000; RMIT University 2012) But the work task of speeding it all up and making every work task easy led to a deskilling of the workers, and have been criticised on humanistic grounds. RMIT Universit 2012; F. Xu, T. Rickards 2007) With the deskilling of the workers the managers perceived the workers as stupid, and therefore all the decision making was taken away from them, and they were treated like replaceable parts of the machinery. (F. Xu, T. Rickards 2007) Fords business got the affect of the cooperation costs, because with the deskilling of workers, and wanting to have control over the quantity and quality over the workers performance, they needed to hire management to conduct those jobs, which were extra expenses. RMIT University 2012) And with the workers constantly being controlled and supervised, the relationship between the managers and the workers became tense and the workers lost commitment to Fords manufacture, because they were frustrated and dissatisfy, but this led t o management having to control the workers even more. (RMIT University 2012) It is important to highlight that there were positive affects from Fordism on the society and worker, and on management and organisation. For rganisations Henry Ford showed that products could be produced a lot more efficient by using machinery and technology, which led to a lower fixed production cost and firms could therefore make a bigger profit and get a bigger market share (Fred Thompson 2007) Ford kept continuous to improve the production on the car manufacturing process, as with for example the car T-model, where he had studied the shortest task cycle of the T-model assembly line, which reduced human effort that led to increased productivity level while reducing the production costs. Greg Grandin 2009) Henry Ford needed a lot of management staff in his business to achieve control over the workers and because he was running the business vertically integrated he needed more managing staff, which meant a higher form of bureaucratization, which set the steps for modern corporations, and in some cases even for local government. (Mark Goodwin and Joe Painter 1996) In the view of the society and workers Fordism gave them some positive contributions.As mentioned Henry Ford doubled the pay, the $5 day, and he reduced the working day down to eight hours, and he reduced the working week down to five days for the workers that was qualified and lived by a good lifestyle. (RMIT University 2012) This started a cycle of high real income which led to the mass consumption , and increased the demand for goods, as well as the car Henry Ford him self were producing. (RMIT University 2012) Also with letting his workers work less hours per week, they had extra time on hand which led to the start of a new industry which were focused on leisure.Fordism also had negative effects on management and organisation, and workers and society. After Fordism had lasted for a while in The USA, were Fordism origina ted from, the production growth and economic growth started to decline in the 1960s for various factors, but one of the main reasons were that the durable consumer goods and process technologies had entered the maturity phase of the life-cycle and they were not able to find any new mass markets which led to stagnation in growth and decline in jobs. (annemieke J.M. Roobeek 1987) Since one of the main concepts of Fordism was mass-production, it led to a major crisis because of the constrains of productivity slow down. (Robert Boyer 2010) As for the workers under Fordism they had to perform heavy workloads on rotation of relatively unskilled, repetitive tasks and with a assembly line that was speeded up as fast as it could contributed to a highly stressful work environment. (S. Edgell 2006) The new work tasks for the workers also led to a deskilling of the workers. RMIT University 2012) The deskilling of workers was highly criticized, even by Frederick W Taylor, saying that Fords assem bly line workers assembled gorillas. (Fred Thompson 2007) Fordism had some positive and negative aspects on management, but after Fordism hit the crisis of production slowdown in the 1960s it was clear that some changes had to be done, and the Hawthorn experiment that were conducted in the 1920s showed cleared in the experiment that one of the main issues were tha workers also had physiological and social needs in the work place, which should be included in a new form of management style. RMIT University 2012; Robert Boyer 2010) The first alternative developed was Neo-Fordism, which were later followed by Post-Fordism. (RMIT University 2012) Neo-Fordism was build up on modifications on Fordism, rather than abandon all the original ideas of Fordism. Some of the areas of Fordism that was modified were on the simplification and fragmentation of work, the control over the workers time limits working via the assembly line, and there were no longer a standardization of products and parts via single purpose machines. S. Edgell 2006) In Neo-Fordism the working practice were flexible to fit the contemporary operations work . (RMIT University 2012) One of the first car manufacturers that modified the ideas of Fordism into Neo-Fordism was the Swedish car company Volvo, which included a greater job rotation for the workers, with extended work tasks, as responsibility for the quality, which gave the workers job enlargement and they got to cooperate together as a work team. S. Edgell 2006) In the Volvo car manufacture the process of destandardization of the products and parts was achieved because of their flexible carrier system, which made it possible for the work rotation, team work, but the work stations were still divided into different station as in Fordism and Taylorism and they still used the time limits.Volvos attempt to re-organise their production was successful at many areas, the workers working conditions got better which led to a better job satisfaction among t hem, and the quality of work increased and they still managed to have the same times on their assembly lines. (S. Edgell 2006) Post-Fordism, also know as after Fordism was a new type of management that did not build on Fordism, but who broke with the main concepts of it, and focused on flexible specialisation instead. (S. Edgell 2006) The perspective of Post-Fordism was to focus on the need of flexibility, with innovation being of importance. John Mathews 1989) In Fordism the focus were on mass production, via special purpose machines and assembly line to get the mass production of standardized products, which also led to the deskilling of workers, Post-Fordism on the other hand is focused on flexibility and the skills of the workers to make high-quality customized products. (S. Edgell 2006) Post-Fordism is different from the competing Neo-Fordism because it is based on the skill inputs of the workers and the workers high level of responsibility, whereas in Neo-Fordism the focus is one improving the recognition and social cohesion of the work while using the ideas of Fordism. John Mathews 1989; RMIT University 2012) Post-Fordism have put the focus on the skilled worker, but the danger that comes with that is the threat of dualization, with a big class different between a skilled worker and the mass of unskilled workers. (John Mathews 1989) In Post-Fordism the focus is on the skilled workers, and skilled workers can use computer technology to adjust production in responds to demand quickly, and will therefore avoid some of the main problems of Fordism. To Be able to succeed in a competitive and ever-changing environment, flexibility is one character of main importance. S Edgell 2006) Conclusion: The history of Fordism shows us a management style that worked on some areas and failed in others. The production became more efficient, which made it more profitable for the owners, which also led to lower priced products and the introduction of the $5 wages. Fordism b rought with it mass production which led to mass consumption, and formed an economic growth in the society. But while people were able to earn more money and consume more, it also had a negative aspect of deskilling the workers, and who also had to work under though working conditions physically and socially.In the 1960s it was productivity slow down, and even though they could still mass-produce, the market didn’t longer have a big demand for it. When the crises of Fordism hit, new styles of management were developed, some just modifying Fordism, as Neo-Fordism and some styles that completely broke of with the ideas of Fordism, as Post-Fordism. In these new forms of management, the workers became a central part. Neo-Fordism kept many of the ideas of Fordism, but changed the ideas around the working environment, so the workers would be physically and socially satisfied.Post-Fordism has showed a complete difference from Fordism, and is more focused on flexibility and the skill s of the workers and customized highly qualified products. Fordism was good in many areas in it prime time, because it led to a economic growth, but as time goes by it brings changes to the economy and the need of society, which means that management styles should changes with it, and adapt to make it work. Reference list: †¢RMIT University (Ed). 2012. ‘Introduction to Management’. Palgrave Macmillan, South Melborune. †¢Grandin, G 2009. Forlandia; The rise and fall of Henry Ford’s forgotten jungle city’, Metropolian Books, New York. †¢Matthews, J 1989, ‘Ages of Democracy; the politics of Post-Fordism’, Oxford University Press, Normanby Rd, SA. †¢Edgell, S 2006, ‘The sociology of work: Continuity and change in paid and upaid work’, Sage, Thousand Oaks, London †¢Goodwin, M, Painter, J 1996, ‘Local governance, the crises of Fordism and the changing geographies of Regulation’, Transaction of the i nstitute of British Geographers, new series, vol 21, No 4, pp 635-648, Wiley Blackwell †¢Boyer, R 2010, ‘Is a financial-led growth regime a viable alternative to Fordism?A Preliminary analysis’ [https://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/030851400360587] †¢Xu, F, Rickards, T 2007, ‘Creative Management: A predicted development from research into creativity and management’, Creativity and innovation Management pp 216-228 †¢Thompson, F 2007, ‘Fordism, Post-Fordism and the flexible system of production’, viewed 29. September 2012. [http://www. willamette. du/~fthompso/MgmtCon/Fordism_%26_Postfordism. html] †¢Batchelor, R 1994, ‘Henry Ford, mass production, modernism and design’, Manchester University Press, Oxford Rd, Manchester †¢Antonio, RJ, Bonanno, A 2000, ‘A new global Capitalism? : â€Å"Americanism and Fordism† to â€Å"Americanization-Globalization†, pp 33. 77 [https://ojsprdap. vm. ku. edu/index . php/amerstud/article/viewFile/3102/3061]

Explain How a Working Relationship is Different From a Personal Relationship Essay

Outline What is Meant by Agreed Ways of working relationship Outcome 1 understand working relationships in social care settings 1.1 explain how a working relationship is different from a personal relationship There are many different personal relationships that we have within our lives and we act differently to each of those it may be from a family relationship or a work friendship. It is the same with our working relationship with the individuals that we meet, some over step boundaries and turn into friendships. In a working relationship you are in a relationship with someone because it is your job, where as a family or friend relationship is built upon a different reason. In our job we may also have relations between other professionals or work colleagues which is necessary as it is part of the job and in the interests to the people we care for. 1.2 describe different working relationships in social care setting In the role of the health and social care worker are many different working relationships. Worker Answers What are the four main working relationships: colleagues manager other professionals such as doctors or paramedics individuals we care for Individual’s family and friends. For each you develop a different type of working relationship and some will be more formal than others. You may not greet a visiting doctor the same way you may address a close friend, we must ensure that we maintain a professional manner at all times. Outcome 2 Understand the importance of working in ways that are agreed with the employer 2.1 Describe why it is important to adhere to the agreed scope of the job It  is important to stick to the scope of the job As this is what has been outlined for you to do and is the best form of working for yourself and others around you. The scope gives you information on what will be expected from you and your roles and responsibilities if you do not adhere to these then accidents may happen and further action can also be taken. Usually when an employer advertises a job the description will be there of what is expected: The responsibilities of the role Location of work Who supervises and who you may need to go to Any staff you may be responsible for It is also giving you the safest way you will be working which will not put anyone at harm or danger. 2.2 outline what is meant by agreed ways of working Our employer identifies what we are to do in our job description but sets out how it is done in the policies and procedures that you are given before starting work. Most companies have these policies in place: Equal opportunities – this sets out how the organisation ensures there is no discrimination in the Most companies have these policies in place: Equal opportunities – this sets out how the organisation ensures there is no discrimination in the work place Bullying and harassment – sets out how it is dealt with for the staff being bullied or bullying others Confidentiality – the steps that are taken when people’s information is not kept confidential and on a need to know basis Data protection – how information is handled and stored Supervision 0 how staff are given professional support and supervision Procedures also outline how to deal with disciplinary issues, allegations of abuse, managing risk, deal with grievance or death, respond to emergencies that we have in which supports us on how we work effectively and correctly which allows us to give the best level of care we can give to individuals. 2.3 explain the importance of full and up to date details of agreed ways of working Sometimes we may have changes within the policies or in the law which will always need to be changed immediately so we adhere to the correct ways of working. If we do not change or follow the new changes then further action can be taken or even be breaking the law, this can put yourself,  residents, colleagues and also the home at risk. Outcome 3 Understand the importance of working in partnership with others 3.1 explain why it is important to work in partnership with others Being able to do our job effectively we work with many different people that come together to deliver the best quality service we can provide, these partnerships matter in delivering good quality social care. This is because there are so many aspects involved in delivering a good quality of service that no one person or organisation can deliver alone. 3.2 explain ways of working that can help improve partnership working There are many steps we can take to ensure that any partnership is able to work effectively Communication – this is one of the most essential steps we take, in failing with effective communication can cause friction and instant dislike which may create an unhealthy relationship. We need to ensure we keep good communication so we pass on vital information which may contribute towards the care towards the individuals’. * Respect and value work of others – when others or you do not feel appreciated for the work they do it can make others down and Respect and value work of others – when others or you do not feel appreciated for the work they do it can make others down and fed up which may affect the way they work. Just by valuing and appreciating the things people do for others will make the work place a lot more happier and keep relationships from turning negative, each person brings different knowledge and skills which are helpful and useful for the smooth running of delivering a good level of care. * Making clear decisions – all involved should feel confident enough that the decisions being made within the team are following the agreed process. There should be Making clear decisions – all involved should feel confident enough that the decisions being made within the team are following the agreed process. There should be concern if not all involved feel some decisions are being taken outside the team and that not everyone is being involved. If there is an agreed procedure for making decisions it is usually best to use it to keep peace and relations positive. 3.3 identify skills and approaches needed for resolving conflicts A conflict can sometimes be quite aggressive in order to resolve these we must use a different range of skills and approaches to help maintain it from escalating. We can use good listening skills, communication skills, holdinginformation, also being diplomatic and analysing the situation. Our approach needs to be tactful and calm also good body language showing we are open and ready to help resolve the issue. 3.4 explain how and when to access support and advice about: Partnership working Resolving conflicts Works Cited Angipie. â€Å"Develop Work Relationships.† WikiHow, 6 Dec. 2016, www.wikihow.com/Develop-Work-Relationships. GSA and the Courts: a Working Relationship. Washington, D.C., The Administration, 1991. â€Å"Personal Relationships.† Personal Relationships, vol. 23, no. 1, 2016, doi:10.1111/pere.2016.23.issue-1. Stelck, Lisa, and Cheryl Newman. The Working Relationship: Management Strategies for Contemporary Couples. New York, Villard Books, 1986. â€Å"Workplace Relationships.† Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_relationships.